Which particles have a negative charge?

Beta particles are known for having a negative charge. Specifically, they are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted during radioactive decay. In the context of nuclear reactions, when a beta decay occurs, a neutron is transformed into a proton, and an electron (the beta particle) is ejected from the nucleus. This process is significant in various types of radiation exposure and safety protocols, especially within the field of industrial radiography.

The presence of a negative charge in beta particles leads to certain interactions with matter, influencing how they are detected and shielded against. Understanding this property is crucial for radiation safety personnel, as it informs how beta radiation can affect both human health and equipment during radiographic inspections. Therefore, recognizing that beta particles carry a negative charge is essential for accurately applying safety measures and ensuring effective radiation protection.

Other particles, such as alpha particles, neutrons, and helium nuclei do not have a negative charge. Alpha particles carry a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and helium nuclei consist of two protons and two neutrons, which collectively result in a positive charge as well. This differentiation is vital for understanding the nature of radiation types and their potential biological effects.